Cyber Security & Ethical Hacking

Operating Systems Overview: Windows, Linux fundamentals, file systems, user permissions

Command Line Basics: navigating, basic scripting, shell commands

Networking Fundamentals: OSI & TCP/IP models; protocols; ports & services; routers, switches

IP Addressing & Subnetting; IPv4 vs IPv6

Network Devices & Firewalls: types, operation, basic configuration

Authentication vs Authorization vs Accounting (AAA)

Common Authentication Methods: passwords, multi-factor authentication, biometrics

Identity & Access Management (IAM)- Basics: roles, groups, permissions

Directory Services Overview (e.g. Active Directory basics)

Best Practices for Access Control & IAM

Cryptographic Basics: symmetric vs asymmetric encryption, hashing, digital signatures

SSL/TLS, HTTPS: how secure communications work

Key Management Basics: public keys, certificates, certificate authorities

Common Cryptographic Algorithms & Use Cases

Network Security Layers: perimeter; internal segmentation

Firewalls, Intrusion Detection / Prevention Systems (IDS/IPS)

Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) basics & wireless security (WPA, WPA2, etc.)

Endpoint Security: anti-virus/anti-malware, patch management, host hardening

Security Operations Center (SOC) basics: roles, tools, log monitoring

Incident Response Lifecycle: detection, analysis, containment, eradication, recovery

Basic Digital Forensics: collection, preservation, chain of custody, simple analysis

Tools for Monitoring & Forensics: log analyzers, SIEM tools

Risk Management Basics: risk assessments, mitigation strategies

Security Frameworks & Standards: NIST, ISO 27001, etc.

Policies, Procedures & Best Practices: security policy creation, audit basics, compliance obligations

Business Continuity & Disaster Recovery: backup strategies, recovery planning